SOUTH AMERICA - Solo Overland Travel & Transit

There's no simple way to cross through or around this land mass without having to zig-zag and circumvent it many times, which will at least take one year to 18 months or more to complete - if thoroughly executed. The timing should be calculated to reach Patagonia through the summer months unless the cold bitterly winds and snow from Antarctica isn't an issue. The festivals are many throughout the continent and can also be placed into a schedule, although some main events do coincide with other festivities at the same time.

​Even if one were to pre-plan an entire transit trip before arriving, it will definitely change its course along the way. The endless amounts of detours into national parks alone are far beyond the reach of focus. Almost every country has its unique local presence of bygone culture, and history that's scattered far and wide. Over-landing is the ultimate option for South America, it doesn't get better than this anywhere on the planet.
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Many that do visit for short periods find out quickly how much this continent has to offer and regret their short stay status. South American landscapes are mind blowing, the rivers untamed jungles, and the Latinos themselves are out going and extraverted.

​​That's just the tip of the iceberg waiting for those who are game enough to explore the continent. Don't think twice to solo travel through this land mass at your own pace and leisure. 

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Flight Path Arrival - Top Three Cities

Flights arriving into South America are in their thousands from Europe, USA, and the Pacific. The three major destinations to begin an overland transit journey through the entire continent are at opposite ends of each other. Overland transiting up, down and across the continent from Colombia, Argentina, or Chile will avoid any back-tracking. Bogota, Buenos Aires, and Santiago are the three top recommended cities to start an overland transit journey through the continent. Timing of arrival plays an important role on both ends of the continent for seasonal and festival events. Landing in Santiago in the mid-spring is perfect timing to reach Patagonia. For those who want a slow start of absorbing Latino street atmosphere Chile is the best option. ​

​​Solo Overland Transit Routes - South America

Landing into South America is the easy part, transiting overland through the entire continent requires lots of time, patience and endurance. The transit routes shown above are basic connections up and down and across the continent. Depending if one were continuing an overland transit journey from Central America, or entering by flight in the south at Santiago, or Buenos Aires, the timing of arrival in correspondence to seasonal weather patterns should be considered. Visiting the Patagonian region is recommended from November onwards. The winter months in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, and Argentina are rewarding for those who enjoy the great outdoor wilderness lifestyle. Low and highland off-road transit routes may be affected from flash flooding, slips or erratic weather.
For more detailed information the climate to travel website has a thorough analysis of any country's temperature conditions covering all seasons. Transiting by bus through South America is straight forward with plenty of different bus companies offering affordable pricing and comfort. The Ormeno bus company based in Lima operates two routes through the continent (Lima-Buenos Aires, Lima Caracas). Ormeno is no-frills transport system that's been operating 5 day transit runs for decades. Purchasing your own VW Kombi is another option, which I've done numerous times - more on this in the overland transit page. What's what in the transit baggage page covers the basic necessities of different items that have a proven track record with my own approval rating. 
On any long-term overland travel journey, there's always the dilemma of deciding what photo-gear to purchase. The photo-gear page covers a variety of equipment I've personally used which may give some help and insight. 

Transiting on ferry boats in either direction up or down the Amazon is relatively straight forward. In Brazil, ferry boats from Belem will get you connected through the Amazonian river tributaries to Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Peru. All ferry boat connections are interlinked up and down the Amazon basin. In Brazil slow boats from Belem connect to Santarem and Manaus. There are scheduled ferry boat sailings from Porto Velho to Manaus each week. There are constant ferry boat sailings from Manaus to Belem and Tabatinga/Leticia. There's also slow boat connections from Manaus to Boa Vista. The river link from Manaus to Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira gets you to the back-door entrance into Venezuela. Connections from Leticia to Puerto Asis in Colombia can take up to 3 weeks with cargo vessels. 

There are no direct Putumayo river ferry boat services. There's the option of taking a fast boat from Santa Rosa to Iquitos. Ferry boats from Iquitos to Pucallpa take approx. 7 days up river and 4 days down river. Connecting onward up river from Pucallpa to San Francisco or from Iquitos to Yurimaguas can be done with infrequent cargo vessels in either direction. A robust reliable hammock is required on all slow boats. Completing the entire Amazon basin circuit will take 3+ months.​

Choosing an Amazon ferryboat route are many. Deciding where one begins is usually from Belem to Pucallpa, or down river in the other direction with numerous connections and stop-offs. Other favourite routes are from Porto Velho via Manaus, Santarem to Macapa, or from Coca via Iquitos to Pucallpa, and San Francisco. For those looking for an extreme riverboat journey, the Manaus to Venezuela route all the way to Puerto Guayana in Venezuela will do it.

Overland Transit Routes

Plenty of time is required to complete a thorough overland journey through the continent. Approximately 18 months to 2 years will cover this amazing rugged landmass. The average stay within each country is normally between 2-3 months or more. Many foreigners rush through South America because of limited time - don't be one them, this is one continent that absorbs time and energy on a daily basis.

Overland Road Trip - South America

If you're like me wanting your own time schedule, privacy, and stopping at locations without rushing around looking for public transport is by purchasing your own vehicle. VW Kombis maybe old, but there's still plenty of these classic vans running around the continent. Even purchasing a VW Kombi that may require minimal  engine repairs, or a fresh coat of paint will be beneficial when it comes to the time of reselling it. New and second hand parts for VW Kombis are still available scattered in most latin countries. Some foreigners will instead, store their Kombi till returning to South America for another full-on road trip a year or two later. This does involve some extra official paper work, but worth the effort if returning. Of late, driving your own vehicle through the entire continent may or may not be fully completed due to car-jacking, extortion, and corruption in Venezuela. The road route connection from Colombia to Guyana and Brazil is thru Venezuela. Driving thru Isolated bush track highways in Brazil is dangerous. Banditry highway robbing happens more frequent than you can imagine. Nothing much changes driving on South American highways, it's all about luck and timing. Night driving should be totally avoided if you value your life and stuff. A friend had bought a Brazilian registered VW Kombi only to have it smashed and badly damaged in Chile while driving at night. Thinking that nothing will happen to you in any remote region in South America is something that should not be taken lightly - excluding only Patagonia, and Chile. More info on driving and purchasing your own vehicle in South America in the Overland Transit section.

Major South American highways are as good as anywhere around the planet. It's only when deviating through secondary road routes, and short cut bush tracks when roads become hazardous. Never park up somewhere along the side of highways during the night with transport, if having number plates from neighbouring countries. Reaching a safe place before the sun sets to park vehicles is a priority. South American highway road bandits and thieves show no mercy when it comes to easy pickings.

Drug Smuggling - Don't Even Think About It!

Above images - Amazon Tri border Narcotic Drug Control Inspection. 

Quick examples - Colombia Australian female busted smuggling 6 kilos of cocaine : Argentina New Zealand female busted smuggling 5 kilos of cocaine : Colombia European drug ring busted for smuggling cocaine : Peru English females busted for smuggling 11 kilos of cocaine : Chile 1800 foreigners busted for drugs in one year : Brazil Drug smugglers busted in Brazil are mainly foreigners : Ecuador Americans busted for heroin : Brazil Smuggling cocaine in your stomach out of Brazil to New Zealand is a no brainer.

A warning to those who think that overland drug smuggling or being a drug mule anywhere in South America is easy money - It's not. Drug border control checks, including random highway checks throughout the continent are now normal procedure. Border drug check controls involve separate gender strip searches, drug sniffing dogs, and a thorough inspection of all baggage. Personally, I have met foreign tourists who were caught with small quantities of cocaine who thought their stash wouldn't be found. South American drug enforcement officers know every hiding place in existence. They've had plenty of experience over the decades busting their own citizens who also thought they could evade from being caught smuggling drugs across borders. Expect hardcore drug searches at the borders of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. These countries including other Latin republics do carry out random drug searches inside their own borders. South American jails are not holiday camps like in Scandinavia - Don't smuggle narcotics unless you want to rot in a South American jail. Personally checking and repacking all baggage should be done before transiting across borders or at airports.

Interacting - Works Every time 

The Latinos are an amazing mixture of cultures that intermingle colonial and indigenous heritages together. Their hot blooded temperament and mood of the moment is witnessed on every street one walks. It's the only continent that has the same outward extraversion that is stimulated sociably in public. If one were to walk the avenues of Buenos Aires or stroll a remote village in Colombia the conversation between locals will contain the same elements of energy and temperament. Relating to Latino's is easy, just talk - and see what happens, they enjoy to chit chat and will do it all day if possible. Indigenous locals within the Andean block are more closed off towards foreigners, but if one were to spend a day's free labour working in the fields with them, then the interaction will be immense. Sometimes as a visitor we demand too much and understand very little of how to put the first foot forward when trying to communicate with others. Interacting and speaking Spanish is the swivel and foundation that guarantees a higher level of satisfaction over-landing through the continent. Connecting with Latinos is important if one wants to enjoy the full extent of what South America has to offer.

Random street photography will keep anyone busy capturing snaps within Mountainous regions in the Andean block. Open markets are plentiful full of indigenous locals selling produce and purchasing supplies.

The Caribbean coastline is well known and regarded for its up-tempo mood-swing from Cartagena to Salvador. Dress-mode is vibrant among the locals, who are normally fully charged and extraverted. The endless amount of beaches and bars will keep most visitors activated non-stop through the nights. Below, tribal culture can be easily seen within the Andean block, especially in mountainous regions of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Everyone on 2nd, 3rd and fourth visits to the continent usually return to their favourite places of interest. A few locations worth mentioning I've revisited are the Andes, Amazon, Patagonia and Angel Falls. I normally spend at least 12 months over-landing through South America. On previous long haul journeys, I've used all types of local transport, hitchhiked, and self driven across the continent.

Overland Travel South America - A Vibrant Journey​ 

From the Colombian Caribbean coast - Cartagena, to the lowest point of the continent - Puerto Williams is an epic journey through a cultural mix of history and topography that guarantees satisfaction to anyone that plans an overland journey through it. Many foreigners begin their overland journey through the continent at Cartagena.

South America, a continent that saturates most visitors who discover how immensely different each country is with numerous ethnic diversity. South America is an adrenaline rush for landscape lovers, highland hikers and wildlife fanatics. Combine this in together with Latino art, food, dance, music and song, it makes the continent an epic adventure of solo overland travel with everything and anything one wished for.

Choosing your own type of transport through the continent is straight forward. Slow bush bus, deluxe bus, train, self dive, slow and high speed Amazon river service or simple plain hitchhiking.

Those who end-up reaching this classic sign board have made it to the lowest point of the continent at the port town hub of Puerto williams, Chile. From here jumping on a ship to the Antartica ice shelf is only a stones throw away across the roaring 40's. One can be lucky enough to hitch a ride on a supply vessel instead of the usual fly in fly out, or over expensive tourist ships during the summer months to Antartica.

The Pan American highway showing congested transit traffic heading northbound on the western side of the continent. Getting up and down through the western side of South America is a breeze, even hitchhiking is simple enough if one has plenty of time on their hands. Hitching lifts on trucks, or private vehicles is usually from the last gas fill station out of any city or town. This gives the chance to openly chat with drivers before jumping onboard. 

An overland transit journey through South America isn't complete without accomplishing at least a one-way voyage through the Amazon river. Pullcapa to Belem via Iquitos, Leticia, Manaus and Santarem is one option. Jumping on board slow boats are numerous with river ports along the way. A sturdy hammock is required and recommended for all slow boat journeys. The image above was taken at dusk on a super fast boat heading up river from Manaus to Tabingtiga. The Overland Transit page has more images and info.

South American main transit highways vary from country to country. Some of the best bitumen roads are in Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia. Dirt track highways are still active in Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and within the central regions of the Amazonian basin. In general, most roads diverting off major highways will eventually turn into narrow single-lane bush tracks having minimal maintenance. The Amazon region has numerous bush track routes to experience a week or two of travel without seeing a tar-sealed road in any direction. During the wet season some bush track routes turn into non-passable bog pits. The Andean chain high pass dirt road routes in Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina are among the top overland transit routes in the Americas. A few personal favourites are the Paso Agua Negra, Uyuni to Salta, Letham to Macapa, Pasto to Puerto Asis, and Cusco to Rio Branco.

La Selva is where it all happens. Tourism overflow, ayahuasca hubs, coca plantations, and cocaine distillery jungle labs sprawled through the region. The sweaty hot climate comes for free. Those who haven't traveled through the Peruvian Selva haven't been to Peru.

Transiting on slow trains through South America can be more thrilling than expected. Slow bush track rail is still being used in certain regions in Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. Hanging out the sides or on rooftops of trains will depend if locals are doing it. This is solely at your own risk, don't expect trains to stop if you suddenly slip off the side, and kiss goodbye to any baggage left on board, it won't be there after a few stops.

These images reflect how total travel freedom offshore was taken for granted through the '80s era. Capturing images of almost anything one wished without fuss or bother. Travel was rough as guts, no one cared what one thought or what others said. We didn't carry hankies around shedding tears, there were no snowflakes back then. Westerners traveling offshore during the postcard era weren't brainwashed with indoctrinated Marxist group think education. They didn't hate their homeland countries. Cancel culture and critical race theory wasn't yet hatched. Post 2020, the Western world has become a vile cesspool of wokeness hysteria.

Wildlife - South America​

The entire continent is teaming with an overflowing abundance of wildlife. Transiting southward from the Colombian caribbean coast down through Venezuela, Guyana to the Amazonian basin, one encounters dense tropical rain forests. It's here where jaguar, puma, reptiles, and exotic birds can be seen with the assistance from local wildlife guides. Cruising around alone inside any of these sanctuaries isn't recommended. Slow painful deaths from camouflaged coral snakes happen. Advancing more southward through Peru and the Bolivian altiplano, flamingo, alpaca, and llamas are commonly spotted feeding within their natural habitat. It's also here where the Andean condor resides, and can be easily seen the further one travels more southward. One of the most well known sanctuaries in the continent, which I personally recommend to visit, is Torres del Paine national park situated in the deep south in Patagonia. Hiking and trekking through this region one can spot Guanaco, condor, deer, and over 20 species of other mammals, including a large variety of different birds, with absorbing amounts of flora and fauna. The transit route from Calafate via Torres del Paine onward to Puerto Natales, and downward to Ushuaia is a mind-blowing scenic journey that shouldn't be missed. The ultimate time to travel and transit through the Patagonia region is usually after early spring has begun. This allows more visibility with less low cloud cover, fog and rainfall - there's a selection of more continental wildlife image captures here 

The Bolivian altiplano has a mixed variety of different wildlife habitat. Desert foxes, vicuna, llama, and flamingo are commonly spotted wherever there's a substance of high altitude grass, springs, salar ponds, and lakes. Travelling with some form of photo gear is recommended through the Altiplano region.

Macaw parrots, one of the many hundreds of different bird spices within northern jungles of S.A.

The snap above was taken on a drizzly misty overcast day within Torres del Paine. November through to February is the preferable time period to visit the Patagonian region. During these months the visibility is clearer with less cloud cover. The average rainfall in the Patagonia region is approximately 440mm annually with April and May the wettest months.  ​

One wildlife subject South America isn't lacking are Alpaca. They are seen scattered along the highlands of the Altiplano flatlands, and are normally ear-tagged owned by local families. Flocks of Alpaca can be spotted wherever lush green marsh wetlands are established.

Most jungle regions within the Amazon basin have an abundance of toucans. They can be heard by their peculiar bird call and spotted nestled up together in trees. Below, a hungry desert fox grabbing some grub.

Coca Leaf - Natural Health Fix

Guzzling down a few Mate de Coca drinks every day will certainly replenish your body with plenty of natural minerals and vitamins. Coca leaves contain traces of magnesium, calcium, phosphorous,including vitamins A, B1,B2,B6, C and E. Coca leaf can be easily found at most Bolivian markets.

​Colombians - Great Interaction

The Colombians - it doesn't matter where one travels through the country, their rewarding hospitality is everywhere. It's their positive outward personality that climbs to another level compared to other Latin countries. Even with the past and on-going conflicts since the mid 80's with drug cartels and F.A.R.C., the Colombians haven't lost their vibrancy as a nation to do what they do best - entertain amongst themselves. This is one Latin country that absorbs many months of solo travel without even acknowledging it. Colombian landscape is as diverse as it gets, and the people explosive. Whatever plan one has, don't leave South America without transiting through the bread and width of Colombia. The country has an amazing culture with ethnic differences that reflect the true values of their nation.

Below, when Colombians party - they party. A street gathering outside Camino Real in central Cali during festive events.

Colombian Overland Transit Map

Designer Bags - Colombia

Finding quality handmade designer products through South America isn't difficult. Colombian Wayuu mochila bags are one of the most versatile woven bags found on the planet. The mochila shown above was privately made and gifted over a decade ago. The quality of these bags will certainly give many years of wear and tear reliability. Purchasing Colombian green emeralds is another great option. Setting an emerald into one-off ring designs, and finished in 18 carat gold can be done in any of the large cities. On a previous visit, I had designed my own jewellery, with one ring fitted with a 6.3 carat emerald (shown above). Soft suede leather can be purchased at most tanneries, and can then be handmade into anything desired. I made the vest above over 23 years ago from thick suede, and is still being worn today. image capture-southern Colombia.

Rhythm - Salsa Merengue Cumbia

"It's impossible to imagine Latinos without music"

The magical influence of South America runs through one’s blood the moment one steps on to this continent. Latinos are extroverted: they spend more time outdoors than indoors. Large cities and small rural villages bustle with overcrowded pavements and endless traffic. When mingling along the foot-walks towards a favourite outdoor breakfast retreat each morning, it's striking to observe the individual personalities amongst locals from all walks of life. Sipping a "cafe con leche" and listening to the distinct rhythm of salsa blasting across from neighbouring boutiques, echoes through the entire continent. It's difficult to imagine Latinos without music. It’s embedded in them from the day they're born and tolerated without prejudice amongst them. Music is an easy way to pick up Spanish. Spending time and interacting with street kids is another alternative - they have all the time in the world to explain or describe whatever it is until it is understood. Cruising through Brazil speaking Spanish is easier than trying to relate in Portuguese to the rest of the continent who only speak Spanish.

Cali is a prime example of continuous rhythm sounds of Salsa through the night. There's actually not a single bar or venue that plays western music in Cali - it's pure Salsa. Medellin, Manizales, Bogota, and the Caribbean coast have their own distinctive flavours of local music tones. Salsa, Merengue, and Cumbia are integrated, and certainly plays a part in Colombian culture. Colombian reggeaton has been around a while, but the influence of original Cuban Salsa has been around for decades and will always be the number one rhythm through the country. Above image, a snap taken at the Petronio Alvaraz Pacifico Musica Festival in Cali, which is held once a year over 4 days. The event is well organised, and heavily influenced with distinct African rhythms from a variety of different groups from the west coast region of Colombia. Below, a quick snap of none other than Buena Vista Social Club playing in a very small venue in Bogota. 

What - Nikon D3 in 2020-21? 

It's always the same question I get asked no matter the country or continent I'm in - "Why do you use these old heavy 12 megapixel tank cameras?" It's simple, the reliability of these particular models will survive and handle almost any environment without failing. The D3 in the image has already proven itself in +50C temps twice for 3 week periods at a time, and has also passed the ultimate cold test within extreme sub-zero temperatures below minus -30C @ 4000+ metres altitude for a month. Nikon got it right with this body design, the D3/D3S fits perfectly in the hand, and becomes a non-stop robust daylight workhorse for street photography, portraits, landscape, and wildlife anywhere on the planet.

Altiplano - High Altitude Wilderness

The Bolivian Altiplano weather patterns are extreme through the seasons, producing spectacular changing vistas of low cloud, clear blue sky, and dust storms over landscape formations. Rich ore sediments embedded in mountains reflect multiple colours of rustic orange with white sulphate hypnotizing the visitor. The Altiplano is a harsh barren region with climatic extremities like in Tibet or Lesotho with an unforgiving presence of nature's wild side. The view above of barren Altiplano landscape at 4870 metres.

Bolivia's Altiplano region is the cream of the crop for high altitude scenery. Travelling slowly through the Altiplano rewards anyone with open views of arid desert, salt salars and flamingo filled lakes, a small part of the amazing spectacle of what the South American continent has to offer.

Andes - Volcanoes on Steroids

A volcano vent in full motion has an extremely loud noisy sound of its own that churns like a cement mixer on steroids. This incredible rhythmic motion was awe inspiring to witness. Volcanic activity is rife along the Andean chain, especially in Chile and Ecuador. This particular live vent was in central Chile deep within an isolated national park without another soul in sight. It took several days hitching lifts reaching the location. On arrival, it was only the tune of the earth rumbling with its distinctive overtures. Below, another volcano showing its centre core pot of pure liquid molten.

Patagonia Region

The best times visiting the Patagonia region is either in winter or early spring before the snow melts. One can be lucky enough to find local farmers who may offer work to cover accommodation and food costs. Having your own transport in this region is required if long term stay is planned.

Chavin - Pre Inca

La Selva - Colombia

Amazonian estuaries are overflowing full with an abundance of different aquatic water plants, like this wild crop of shell flowers (water lettuce).

Andes Highland Landscape

​Jasper Falls - Venezuela

The Jasper falls located in La Gran Sabana region in southern Venezuela is what it's named after. The falls cascade onto a solid terrace of opaque rock. The river bed reflects a brilliant radiance of the red jasper reflecting through the water that stuns any visitor with ever-lasting impressions. Venezuela physical map 

Andes Great Escape

Heading into the Andes trekking and getting lost within the Cordilleras is what most foreigners enjoy. The great escape into peaceful surroundings amongst majestic mountains is where it's at. Different locations are scattered throughout the Andean chain. Ancash and Patagonia are the adventure sports regions for outdoor lovers. Rock climbing, mountaineering, hiking, and to watch wildlife in their natural habitat can't be better.  

South America - Jungle Territory

Westerners exploring into jungle regions alone should be well aware of the dangers that lay waiting inside them. It's not just venomous snakes, big cats, and spider bites that are dangerous. Since the collapse of socialist Venezuela, the narcotic trade has increased greatly inside entire swaths of isolated jungle terrain used for cultivating, producing and smuggling product. Bandits, and drug smugglers are far more dangerous than the chances of being bitten by venomous reptiles. It's at your own risk walking along semi-trodden tracks that may lead directly into narco controlled turf that may be booby trapped with explosives, or other devices warning narco operatives someone has entered their zone.   

Getting Shots - South America

Traveling through South America without some form of camera-gear will become disappointing. Those only using smart phone cameras should reconsider their options before arrival. Traveling with at least one DSLR and a point & shoot is recommended.

Northern Chile

The Valley of the Moon, landscape and rock formations resembling distinct similarities of the moon's surface. One of the best times to visit this amazing spectacle of topography is approximately two hours before sunset. Below, one of the largest fault line rifts in the Atacama region. I was actually self-driving in a rush past this location and had only grabbed this snap because of stopping at the right place at the right time while en-route to Calama. The distant 6500+ metre volcanoes looked like small specks. Highest volcanoes in Chile 1- Ojos del Salado 6891  2- Llullaillaco  6739 3- Incahuasi 6621 4- Tupungato 6570 5- Parinacota 6348 6- Pular 6233 7- El Solo 6190 8- Aucanquilcha 6176 9- San Pedro 6145 10- Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas 6127

Guyana - Surinam - French Guiana

Rain forests abound through South America. One small enclave that particularly stands out from others, are the pristine jungle forests in Guyana. It's here where over 1200 species of birds reside, including the largest eagle - the Harpy. Guyana's forests are also teaming of jaguar randomly spotted in open areas. Guyana has only one rough highway track. The Brazilian government plans to construct a super major highway through to Georgetown to bypass Amazonian river traffic in and out of Manaus. Above image, the Iwokrama canopy walkway in north Rupununi  Guyana physical map   ​

Pucallpa to Belem

The Amazon river at its widest width showing the river's vast water flow catchment. There was a time when one could use their own make-shift raft, and cruise from one end of the river (Peru) to the mouth at Belem. Draconian rules and regulations have shut this down due to safety. Ferry boats take 3 days sailing time from Belem to arrive at the Manaus port. It takes another 3 days from Manaus to Tabatinga/Leticia tri-borders. Follow on boat transport to Pucallpa and Coca is at Iquitos. Heading upstream into Colombia along the Putumayo river to Puerto Asis can be done using infrequent cargo ships which can take between 12 to 21 days.

Amazon Sunset

Tupiza Region - Bolivia

A small stones throw away from Tupiza township. landscape in the region suddenly changes displaying open views of rugged cliff divisions with reddish pink jagged pinnacle tops.

Andean Chain - Peru

A view of the Andean chain winding southward in central Peru. The elevation level was approximately 5500 metres altitude where this image was taken.

Sagrado Valley - Urubamba

A partial view of Inca ruins at valley Sagrado in the Urubamba region.

Uros Tribe - Titicaca

History records the Uros tribe were forced off the mainland from the expansion by the Inca, and were forced to take residence on Lago Titicaca. Today, the Uros islands total more than 70 floating reed habitats scattered on the lake. Totora reeds have been used over the centuries by the Uros Tribe who still construct their dwellings, furniture and boats from Totora reed. The Uros tribe, pre-date Incan civilisation. Their lifestyle is basic and simple, and still hunt and fish their daily meals each day. Each year in November, The Uros Tribe gather together and reenact the legend of Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo.

The craft of hand weaving boats is automatically passed down through the generations of the Uros Tribe. Each boat is constructed from fresh harvested Totora reeds weaved together and held in tightly in place with wire. After a short time period the newly assembled reed boats are bone dry and ready for use.

Approximately 1,300 Uros live on the scattered archipelago of floating reed islands on Lake Titicaca. The number of visitors every year mount to a staggering 200,000 which has brought a steady income for the Uros people. Around 70% of the population work full time with tourism.

Street Interaction & Chit Chat - Latinos Love it

South America is certainly not short of children. Latino families are much larger in comparison to European or other western nations. Latino kids are open and friendly to interact with if Spanish is spoken. The simplest way to learn Spanish is with children. Elderly Latinos are also happy to chat with you all day. Random street photography with Latinos starts here - it can't be any easier. The enjoyment of showing images taken of locals to locals, especially children and elderly is rewarding, it goes both ways. Interaction within barrios gives the same positive results.

Young or elderly, positive street interaction levels are the same and increases if time isn't an issue.  

Like anywhere else around the planet, interaction skills through South America goes a long way. Without knowing  how to interact with certain types of people, capturing street images like below will almost be impossible. This local was strolling at 6am through the streets of Bogota. Image was captured using a DSLR full frame.

​Wild Cactus & Salt Salars

Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat, located in Bolivia. May through to October is the best time to visit the Salar region, as the dry weather displays pastel skies during the winter season. The township of Tupiza located in southern Bolivia is one of the best places to begin a 4-7 day journey through the Altiplano in a rented 4x4.

Salt Pan Valley - Peru

It's a 45km journey from Cusco to the slopes of the Qaqawiñay mountains reaching Salinas de Maras. This small valley contains one of the purest forms of salt, which is extracted and exported off-shore. The pre-Inca salt pans are a formation of hundreds of shallow pools, and filled by a hypersaline underground spring. The spring water has natural trace elements of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and silicon. The valley of Salinas de Maras is at an elevation of 3890 metres within the Urumbamba Valley - Peru.

Megalithic Rock Design

​We are told the Inca were the original designers of large megalithic rock cut-outs that fit perfectly in place next to one another. Like most megalithic rock structures around the planet, they have many similarities in design, but with little or no reference of what tooling was used, or how large tonnage rocks were moved in to their positions. Most theories being only assumptions.
The Inca like other ancient civilisations (Aztec, Indian, Egyptians, Mayan, Carthaginian, Etruscans, Hawaiians, Mesopotamians) were heavily into ritual human and child sacrifices. Demigod stone structures around the planet carved from stone also bear close similarities in design. There's also evidence of ancient underground tunnels scattered through South America, India, and Sardinia. They have been cloaked and kept in secrecy through the centuries.
​Are these hidden underground tunnels somehow linked to each other? Ancient civilisations basically worshipped similar looking demigods - regarded as only myth legends - really?
There are other reports, South American secret tunnels are inter-linked under the ice to Antarctica. One has to ask why Hitler was so interested under the deep ice in Antarctica in the mid 1930s? Hiding submarine fleets in this region doesn't add-up, especially when the initial war front was in full swing in Europe. It has no logic.
Actually, no one to this day unless being a political representative or a Vatican dignitary can freely travel independently past the 60th southern parallel into the Antartica?. Is it that global dignitaries visiting Antarctica all have the same fascination to stare at penguins all day? What's so fascinating under the Antarctica ice? - That's the big question no one seems to know except for US/Russian military personal who all tight lipped. It's also strange, since the 1958 global Antarctica pact, no one can freely travel in Antartica. Why did the Soviets agree to the 1958 Antartica treaty when they're situated at the Arctic? What did the Soviets know? were they informed before the pre 58 to sign the southern ice pact? Cloud smoke and conspiracies theories are many. Maybe Antarctica penguins have more data than we can grasp.
Also worth mentioning, early original conquistador Vatican complexes through central and south America had constructed their foundations directly over discovered tunnel entrances hiding them out of sight from public view. The Cusco region has numerous Vatican controlled churches that were constructed centuries ago. As most know, the Vatican complex in Rome has an untold amount of hidden underground tunnels and chambers packed with booty dating back to Titus

San Agustin - Colombia

I've personally visited the San Agustin complex several times, and recommend anyone passing through the region to at least spend a few days here.  San Agustin is controlled under the umbrella of UNESCO.

The San Agustin statues in Southern Colombia show certain design similarities to those of the Olmec, Aztec, including at Chavin, Easter Island and surrounding islands of the Pacific Rim. Skeletons of Giants have also been discovered in Colombia at Tolima and Nueve Granada archaeological sites, which may suggest, and have bearing there were different tribes of giants.

Ulta Valley - Ancash Peru

 Artesonraju mountain situated in Ulta valley, Ancash region showing its majestic peak. 

Cobblestone Colonial - Venezuela

The costal town of Coro in Falcon state has an abundant amount of quiet cobblestone streets beside washy painted colonial dwellings. The feel of Venezuela at the time this image was taken already had a sour taste of heavy socialism that was falling apart at the seams. Gasoline was 1 cent American per litre. The black market exchange rate was 25 times more than the official bank rate. A 3 month visit through the country had cost the same amount as 2 weeks travel in Brazil. Overland transit through Venezuela wasn't difficult, only time consuming, buses were overbooked, power-cuts were normal, and random highway control checks were many, with severe searches from imported Cuban military. 

Getting through Socialist Venezuela today isn't worth the high risk factor from highway banditry, vigilante gangs, or from the endless amounts of corruption payoffs en-route through the country. Underpaid military soldiers and police at control checkpoints has been an on going issue for years. Westerners who decide to travel through Venezuela should already have excellent interaction skills, speak and understand Spanish, and know how to use their inner instinct and judgement out on the street. If you think Brazil is bad after dark, multiply Venezuela by 100x more for the chances of being mugged, robbed, bashed, kidnapped, corrupted, or raped. I made it through Venezuela not once but twice without losing a thing, or having to pay one peso. At the end of the day, it's up to each individual to master their own level of safety precautions to outsmart whatever negativity that may unfold, and know how to deal with each situation before it happens. Using split second decisions will avoid robbery, mugging, loss of stuff, and assault.

If you can travel overland through Venezuela for 3 months without being mugged, robbed, corrupted or held up - Give yourself a pat on the back.  I got through the country traveling extensively twice with no issues.

Chavin - Andean Demigod Temple

Chavin is recognised as one of the earliest known civilisations in the Andes. The ancient complex is nestled within a high fertile Andes valley @3200 metres altitude. The main temple complex consists of a flat-topped pyramid design with surrounding platforms in dressed stone with an endless underground tunnel system of passageways. A display of carved stone with decorations portraying human animal hybrids can be seen scattered through the location. Many of the underground tunnels are closed off for public viewing? Chavin temple dates back as far as 1500 BC. Above images, dressed stone and symbolic head designs having similarities to those further south at Tiahuanaco.

Altiplano El Dorado

Remote high altitude landscape in Bolivia distinctively exposing natural rich sediments of formed mineral ore deposits well beyond the expectations of ancient El Dorado. Bolivia has large landmasses of untapped mineral resources which are now becoming increasingly valuable to the global tech industry. Today, Lithium carbonate is classified among the most strategic elements for the development of future magnetic and electric technologies. This particular mineral is in abundance in Bolivia. China is one of the major contributors towards Bolivian mineral and energy exploitation resources. It includes the mining of raw minerals of tin ore, tin, silver, zinc, lead, antimony, hydrocarbons and lithium carbonate. Below image - Chiquicamata copper mine northern Chile.

Chinchorro

 One of the original mummified remains that has now been removed from the Archaeological Museum in San Pedro.

Rumble Tumble - Leather Tannery

The global export of leather cow hides from South American tanneries is unmatched. This classic leather tannery in Colombia has been in the export business for decades exporting top quality leather hides to the US, Europe and Asia - Palmira,Valle del Cauca.

Classic Mercedes Camper - Patagonia

1950's Mercedes truck that's been converted into sleek highway house bus based in Ushuaia. 

Peruvian Stone Sculptress

South America has a history of famous artists, sculptures and musicians. One female sculptor that really stands out with her artistic work is based in Barranco, Lima. Silvia Westphalan creates her masterpieces from stone, she transforms her designs from local stone, and forms them into simplistic art with each piece presenting amazing concepts in different shapes and forms. Above images, Helpers moving a finished rock sculpture weighing more than 250 kg that's about to be wall mounted. Some of Silvia Westphalan's completed stone sculptures weigh more than 300 kilograms. Because of the many requests from different clients, and customers globally, Silvia ensures she has a wide range, and variety of stone carved art forms in a variety of all shapes, patterns, and sizes to satisfy everyone's taste.

Silvia's one-off rock pattern designs giving unique finishes of modern art sculpture created from solid rock. 

Below, Silvia Westphalan stands in front of one of her amazing stone carved sculptured masterpieces. Sliva's designs and concepts are solely created, and shaped with a hand-held power grinder. Each completed art form is one of a kind no matter what size or weight it is. Her rock sculptures have been sold, and displayed in exhibitions around the world.

Into Carnivals? - Salvador Bahia

Latinos love their Festivals. They are spread far and wide through the continent with some continuing for weeks. Timing plays an important role, especially pre-booking accommodation well in advance. Carnival season in Brazil is like as though the entire country has shut down through the event. The Brazilians really know how to party hard out non-stop for a week during their yearly held carnival.

I was the only foreigner among countless others at a guesthouse during the Salvador carnival that wasn't robbed. Some were beaten and bashed on the street, while others were robbed twice or even 3 times during the festival. During carnival events the crime rate increases - watch your stuff.

Above, Salvador carnival in full swing mixed with different dance rhythms, samba and loads of sweat.

Vintage American Autos

Some Latinos are more than friendly. This old timer, who I had randomly met on the street was under the bonnet of his 59'er Ford V8 pickup replacing a worn out fan belt. With some open interaction and good knowledge of this particular engine (272 V8 Y block). For the rest of the day we drove around in his classic V8 out and around his village.

Some Latinos are more than over friendly. This old timer, a Boliviano, who I had randomly met on the street was under the bonnet of his '59 Ford V8 pickup replacing a worn out fan belt. With some open interaction and good knowledge of this particular engine (272 V8 Y block), we then spent the rest of the day driving around in his classic V8 out and about around the region.

One thing South America isn't short of are the amount of classic american cars and pickups scattered across the continent. Vintage V8 automobiles are sought after by car enthusiasts from the USA. Vehicles are reexported back to the States from Venezuela, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Colombia. The bare shell of the above Ford Bonus pickup was dumped on the outskirts of a small Bolivian village on the Altiplano. Below, a 1958 Ford V8 sedan looking rough as guts with missing cosmetics, windows and bald tyres, all relative to the owner, who lives within the desert environs in Peru. As long as it runs - what's the problem.

Latinos love their cars, especially north American classics. Venezuela has plenty of ground pounding V8s running through the country. Gasoline is still dirt cheap in Venezuela, even in 2021 95 octane is still 0.02 cents a litre. It costs under a dollar to fill the tank for big cube V8s. Below, a mid-sixties 2 door pillarless Ford Fairlane 500 in mint condition Colombia       

​Angel Falls - Venezuela

In 1937, Jimmy Angel, a gold and diamond entrepreneur from the USA landed his 9 star G-2-W Flamingo on the top of Auyantepui (Angel Falls) with his wife and a co-worker. He had already flown over this region 4 years earlier prospecting for mineral ore beds, and had sighted the falls as a proposed landing site. On Jimmy's 2nd visit, he had made a successful landing on the top of Auyantepui, but his plane had nose-dived at the end of the landing run, and became bogged in soft mud. It took Jimmy and his wife 11 days to cut through dense jungle terrain before reaching to the nearest settlement of Kamarata. His plane remained on top of Angel Falls until 1970, until it was salvaged by the Venezuelan military using helicopters. The plane was dismantled and restored. It's placed at the entrance of Ciudad Bolivar's airstrip. Jimmy Angel died in 1956. His ashes were scattered over Angel Falls by his wife and sons in 1960.

Above, Jimmie Angel's original P&R WASP engine. Below, the spectacular view of Angel Falls displaying the 979 meter water drop (3212 feet). .Reaching Angel Falls is via Ciudad Bolivar. It's advised to check with locals first in advance, if the Orinoco river actually has enough water depth for long boats to travel on for the 50km journey up river. Through the dry season, Angel falls may lack water flow over the edge. Staying a few weeks getting lost in this wilderness region is totally recommended. Below, Angel Falls puts other waterfalls to shame with captivating splendour with lasting impressions.

​ South American Sun 

Forget about boring beach sunsets. Capturing images of the sun in desert regions, the Amazon and throughout the Andes is more rewarding. Above, I captured this snap self-driving through southern Peru. Below, Huascaran first light.  

Climber's Graveyard - Aconcagua

High pass climbers graveyard at Los Puquios nestled in the Andes between Santiago and Mendoza during mid-winter. Every year inexperienced climbers and hikers die from various injuries. The majority of death victims is caused from ill-equipped climbers ascending or descending Aconcagua (6961 metres) during winter months.

High Altitude - Altiplano

Those slowly moving through the continent without some form of photo gear other than using smart phone cameras will end up catching images like above. Long distant shots require lenses with quality optics to self-satisfy the the user. Don't expect smart phone cameras with zoom powered optics to hold their quality when images are cropped and enlarged. Above snap, Los Andes Altiplano high altitude cold zone region using DSLR gear. Below, Andes free camping location Bolivia. Thermal layered clothing is required at this level. ​

Amazonian Rainforest 

Second and third generation pristine Amazonian rainforest is abundant, and easily seen in any direction along dirt road tracks and passable river waterways. In saying this, many large older trees have been removed and are still being culled around the clock deep inside regions in Brazil and Peru. The majority of Amazonian timber removed is processed and exported to the USA and Europe.

Snow Line - Andes

Fresh sprinkle of powder snow touches the edge of the Atacama desert - Chile/Argentine frontier. 

Iguazu Falls

There's plenty of isolated space to hang out for the day to explore Iguazu falls. Iguazu falls are most spectacular during or just after the wet season when water flow is at its highest volume. Reaching Iguazu is through Paraguay or Argentina at the bottom border region of Brazil.
Ezilon maps - Brazil - Argentina - Paraguay

Overland Transit Map - Brazil

​Modern Artist - Alberto Grieve

If you're into trendy modern art Alberto Grieve, a painter modern artist from Lima, Peru will make your visit to the capital as an added bonus. Alberto splashes his artistic hand work on to canvas with vibrant streaks and colours creating one-off designs. Some of Alberto's finished canvases are more than five metres in length.

Indigenous Markets

Rising early heading out the door to open markets becomes automatic procedure through the Andean region. Each market has its own indigenous atmosphere. Capturing close-ups using zoom-lenses is the easy way out without the need of interacting with subjects. Any good point & shoot, 4/3 or DSLR camera will grab more than enough images within open markets through the continent.

Colonial Heritage

Historical villas, churches, and grand haciendas from the colonial era are seen in all directions across the continent. They each have their own unique designs, splendour, and ambience. The majority of colonial buildings were original constructed in and around, or close-by to original plaza de arma complexes.

Above, central Lima, below, central square Villa de Leyva, a unique historical Colombian village.

Plaza de Armas - Every Town Has One

Plaza De Armas - almost every Hispanic town or city has one. Plazas are a great chill-out place to cool off during the heat of the day. During the evening summer months central outdoor plazas become jammed packed with locals as a meeting hub.

Jungle Swamp - Amazon

The heart of the Amazon basin is where one can see an endless carpet layer of water lilies. These areas are also known where alligators and snakes hang-out. It's not advisable to wade around or swim in natural black water estuaries in Amazonian jungle terrain. The Amazonian coral snake will kill a human with severe pain before death. It's rare of alligator attacks within the Amazon region. Don't try your luck of being the first foreigner hitting main stream news headlines chomped up by one.

Everyday - A Different View 

Typical cumulus cloud formations are spotted throughout the entire Amazonian region.

Inca - Demi-God Worshipers

Underground Secret Tunnels - Elongated Paracas Skulls - Skeletons of Giants - Child Sacrificial Rituals 

Machu Picchu, there's more than enough information about this isolated Inca temple hideout. The Machu Picchu ruins show inspirations of how the Inca were such grand designers of structure, but even today, there's still a hidden mystery shroud of how large rock cut-outs were machined and layered to fit perfectly. There are certainly "unanswered" questions whether or not the Inca had actually constructed the megalithic structures, or if the structures were already there, and built by ancient technology dating back to or past the Nimrod Era of the Giants (offspring of the Nephilim). During the Spanish conquest the Jesuits had discovered deep underground tunnels that were hundreds of kilometres long. The majority of the first constructed Jesuit monasteries throughout Central and South America were built directly over the tunnel entrances to keep what ever they discovered for themselves and still remain in secrecy today. Gold, ancient artefacts, and other unknown ancient knowledge was retrieved and taken back to the Vatican's own underground secret chambers where it remains today. Many Inca ruins still remain scattered throughout the Andean block. M.P. is certainly on everyone's bucket list who transit through Peru. There are many ways to reach Machu Picchu from Cusco. The 4 day trek is the ultimate option. Visiting Machu Picchu is a must-do, and certainly a part of the South American solo overland travel and transit journey.

Looking from both sides of probably the best persevered entrance at Machu Picchu.

Machu Picchu - Misty Mountain

An enchanting capture of Machu Picchu using original infra-red roll film during a 2nd visit to the temple complex.

The luck to get clear snaps of Machu Picchu depends on prevailing weather conditions. It can be completely overcast and misty with zero visibility until late afternoon, or early clear blue skies, which is rare but does happen.

Climbing up Vannu Picchu is now restricted. One has to pre-purchase tickets in advance to ensure getting up on the peak for amazing views. The image above was captured in '89 on the first of three visits to M.P. Instead of using the road track up to the complex, I cut up between each road level saving time and energy. Below, the usual view point of M.P. captured on an overcast day - 1990s

Where The Rivers Meet - Central Amazon

The Amazon region for most is getting from one location to another. One requires plenty of time on their hands to complete extended excursions off main rivers. If one were to begin at Pucallpa to Coca, or through to Belem with stop offs en-route, it would take more than several months to complete. The most valuable asset through the Amazon basin is having enough time duration without any preplanned itineraries.

This is certainly one of the many attractions for both Latinos and foreigners passing through the Amazon. The meeting of the waters are the natural converging of the two largest tributaries (Rio Negro & Solimoes) which conforms the major part of the Amazon water flow. The merging of both rivers is a continuing process for approximately seven kilometres. Renting small motorboats to get out and about to various locations are easily found down at any port or estuary. If using dugouts, or motor driven boats on your own, it's advisable to ensure spare gas, lifejackets and food supplies are in order. Local boat operators are many, and more than willing to assist reaching locations with negotiated transport fees.

​Las Lajas - Where Pilgrims Gather

The Las Lajas sanctuary which is considered sacred has a daily flow of visiting pilgrims. Las Lajas has a gothic styled design and structure. It's situated within an isolated region constructed across a lower portion of a valley with flowing streams and waterfalls in the Pasto region - southern Colombia. 

Puerto Williams - Beagle Channel

Puerto Williams in the Beagle Channel is the lowest township of South America - it's one of the gateways to the Antarctica ice shelf. Puerto Williams is a spectacular part of the southern end of Patagonia displaying rugged forms of landscape with a variety of flora and fauna, and wildlife. The Dientes de Navarino mountain range is well known for trekkers and hiker's through the summer months. There's still descendants of the Yamana Indians at Villa Ukike village west of Puerto Williams. Jumping on board a ship to the Antarctica will become easier - and less expensive when the Chileans embark more vessels from their 2 most southern ports (Puerto Williams & Punta Arenas)

Malbec Asado de Carne - Argentina

Chilean and Argentinian wines are superbly crafted with different blends to satisfy anyone's palate. Visiting local wineries in both countries can become addictive with the opportunity of seeing a hands on view during the clipping and harvest season. It's also worth to note that some Bolivian red wines cultivated in the southern region of the country get a mention here as well. The Tarija valley bordering Argentina is well worth a visit for wine lovers.
Latinos enjoy devouring a daily meat intake, especially in Argentina. The aroma and scent of Asado de Carne (barbecued meat) will make anyone's mouth water in the vicinity of any restaurant specialising with this delicacy. Restaurants normally grill full quarters of Beef, lamb, and goat directly from an in-house fire pit. It's then served sizzling hot direct to a table with choices of smorgasbord add-ons, including a variety of different locally made wine.
​Image: Asado beef, Salto province - northern Argentina.

​Tri Borders - Mount Roraima

​The duration time of a hiking trek to Roraima is 6 days turn around. Depending how many are in a group, the cost of a guide, camping gear, and food supplies will vary. The price can be haggled with local tour guide operators in Santa Elena. The typical greeting on the summit of Roraima are volumes of wet mist and cloud.The topography, flora and fauna including the surrounding views are magnificent and recommended to anyone that's into natural wild unspoilt wildeness landscape.

Images on Mount Roraima at the tri-borders of Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil. The Roraima mountain holds a powerful significance for the indigenous people of the region of local ancient myths and legends. Trekking to Mount Roraima takes 2 days, and highly recommended for nature, and landscape lovers. The flora and fauna on top of Mount Roraima is unique to the plateau which is why the area is called the lost world. The slow flowing thick fog certainly creates a mysterious haunting presence on the mountain. Local guides, and gear can be found at Santa Elena.

Selfie lovers, Don't expect any help sliding off the edge at this isolated location in the middle of nowhere.

The long Route - French Guiana : Suriname : Guyana

Getting off the beaten track isn't difficult to accomplish anywhere through the continent, although travelling through these 3 small countries will give the feel of total isolation. Transportation in general is basic through this region using vans and bush buses. Transiting in either direction will get you back to Brazil (Macapa or Boa Vista), Due to the Venezuelan socialist collapse, all 3 countries are now consumed with an overflow of Venezuelan refugees. Spotting wildlife, various flora and fauna, fishing, jungle and savannah hiking and free camping in the wild are all possible options.

Salar Reflections

At the time this image was captured heavy rains had flooded a small area of a salar salt flat that not only showed a reflective sky, but also a clean clear partition of the water blanket edge on the salar itself.

Street Snap Photography

Street photography is more of a broad term defined on anything that's appealing to the person taking the snap. Taking random street portraits are certainly a large part of any street photographer's collective folio. Today, every man and his dog use cell phones snapping away selfies, so actually it's become much easier in one way to randomly photograph people on any given street without too much fuss or bother. The majority of Latinos are usually very relaxed with foreigners grabbing random snaps of them publicly.

There are some who may dislike being photographed, which should be automatically recognised and respected. One example of negative flack, which is nothing new, and has been ongoing for years, is within certain parts of the main fruit and vegetable market in old La Paz. Pointing a lens in the direction at local vendors - even at long distance may quickly become aggressive. It's a different story if cash payouts is involved. The easiest way around this, is to first interact without exposing cameras. Chit chatting and purchasing fruit, or snacks normally works with most locals, but not all. This applies almost anywhere through the continents. Interacting first is key to capturing close-up street portraits.

South America will keep most street photographers flat out busy no matter the country or location. 

Sculptor Artist - Victor Delfin

 Victor Delfin residence and workshop - Domeyer 366, Barranco, Lima - more info

Victor Delfin from Lima Peru is widely recognised, and widely known for his contemporary designs, and artistic flair. His carvings, sculptures, and artwork must be seen to be appreciated of the scope, scale, and magnitude of each finished concept and design. His work is shown in major museums throughout South America, USA, and Europe. Delfin uses all types of materials from sheet metal, steel, alloy, wood, polychrome acrylics and canvas. You may be lucky enough to still catch him working on a concept at his workshop studio in Barranco, Lima.

Victor Delfin finishing the final touches of a relief mural showing depicting peasants caught between Maoist guerrillas and the army through the 1980-2000 conflict at his workshop studio in Lima.

Victor Delfin's immaculate studio workshop where his sculptures and artwork masterpieces are created. Below, a big cat constructed from raw sheet metal in its finally stages at Victor Delfin's metal workshop.

Sulphur Springs - 4800M

Sol de Mañana is well worth a visit situated in the south-western region of Bolivia. It's a high altitude geothermal region  that's constantly active. Bubbling mud pools, and the hissing and spit of pressured steam forced into the atmosphere is visibly witnessed closeup.

Great Outdoors - Argentina

Travelling through Argentina is a breeze using local luxury deluxe buses. This is a different story if driving your own vehicle, especially with foreign number plates i.e. Brazilian or Chilean. Corrupt pay-off bribes to local highway control police does happen at different provinces through the country. On several occasions, I've personally encountered bribe pay-offs to allow passage through control security barriers.
​I've always made sure to have a large supply of palta (avocados) and packets of cigarettes that can be visibly seen on the front seat and on top of the dash in my Kombi vans. Other foreigners driving their own vehicles haven't been so lucky, because of not knowing the tricks to freely pass through the country without paying large sums of cash bribes.

Old Man Cacti - Andean Region

South American old man cacti (Cephalocereus senilis) is easily recognised by its whitish webs of hair which plays as a deterrent for stopping direct heat penetration. Flowering begins after the cacti reaches heights over 6 metres (20ft) and continue to grow up to 12 metres tall in the right temperate conditions. Flowers only bloom and open at night exposing pastel pink and white colours. Old man cacti are seen in the Andean regions within canyons, and mountainous areas of Argentina, Bolivia and Peru.

 Chauchila District 

Close to Nazca is the ancient cemetery known as Chauchila. It's here where one can see mummified human remains. Through the centuries most of the deceased were dug up from their tombs and robbed of their jewellery, and whatever other artefacts that were worth robbing. Patches of human skeletal remains can still be seen scattered in the desert.

Santa Cruz Trek - Huascaran Peru

Wild Cannabis - South America

Illegal marijuana cultivation through South America has been around for countless decades. It's something that's been ignored by authorities ever since cocaine became a lucrative global hit, and now especially of late due to positive legalisation of cannabis through most of the continent. Wild weed hybrid strains can be spotted in remote regions well away from main tourist ghetto hot spots. Small time illegal growers don't even bother pulling up male plants. Deer including other different wildlife end up devouring wastage hemp. One has to imagine the gross volume of illegal marijuana that's been cultivated within wildness regions throughout the continent. Even though many Latinos have preferred other forms of creational drugs, cannabis has always been readily available, and easily sourced when required. Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela certainly have their fair share of supply and demand for locally grown weed - Guyana, Surinam included. Latino wild weed may have different strains through the continent but no one really cares. Next time you're out and about somewhere between the Pacific coast and the Andes, or from the Atlantic ocean to the Amazon basin, one can be lucky enough to discover hemp plants scattered here and there that don't belong to narco crops. If you do suddenly walk in to a cultivated patch of weed - don't hang around too long unless you want to become cannabis fertiliser.
Warning: those posting any type of drug images - including simple weed shots like these onto social media, blog sites, websites etc, should have the original raw image data of where they originally took the images for safety precautions. Some countries that have harsh drug laws may suspect weed shots may have been home grown - Got it? 

Humberstone - Atacama

On reaching Humberstone (la Palma), one quickly experiences how much heat the Atacama desert dishes out. The aroma of nitrate saltpetre residue abounds. Deserted community dwellings and rustic mining leftovers are seen scattered through the once thriving township.    

Various image captures strolling through Humberstone. Best time visiting this location is early morning or late afternoon. I used my own vehicle getting there. Humberstone is now a dreaded UNESCO site, which means it's become just like other controlled locations through the planet as an upgraded tourist attraction.   

If you like these images I captured at Humberstone, then certainly don't arrive at this location without some form of photo gear (excludes smart phone junk).

Home Sweet Home 

Isolated dwellings stretch far and wide across the continent nestled within all types of rugged landscape. The Bolivian altiplano and Patagonia districts are two places where some locals choose to live well away from city life. Both regions are very sparsely populated, or uninhabited due to the severity of the freezing cold winter months when extreme temperatures hit well below sub-zero. Travelling and transiting through South America for most foreigners is a rewarding experience of diversity that's different to their own lifestyle and culture, especially with dwellings and property lifestyles. One can't notice or forget the countless amounts of Barrios which are normally seen scattered across the backdrop of large city skylines. Some Barrios are formed and constructed up the sides of hills, or nestled at the foot of mountains on the outer perimeter of large cities. Most major Latin cities like Lima, Bogota, Rio, and Quito all have their own unique Barrios. The residents share the same dreams and passions like anyone else - A home with a roof over their heads.

Below, a barrio quarter slanted on the lower slopes of a hill side situated on the outskirts of central Lima 

Below, a tiny classic Latino cottage constructed from aged hardwood with milled 8"inch rough sawn planks.